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The purpose of a geotechnical investigation is primarily focused on evaluating soil and groundwater conditions to inform construction planning. This examination involves collecting and analyzing soil samples, understanding the physical and chemical properties of the soil, and assessing site conditions such as groundwater levels and behavior. The findings from this investigation are crucial for determining the suitability of the site for specific types of construction and for designing foundations and other structural elements that will be stable and safe over their intended lifespan.

Understanding soil properties allows engineers to make informed decisions about the types of foundations needed, whether shallow or deep, and helps predict how structures will behave under various conditions, including load and environmental influences. Additionally, identifying groundwater conditions can impact design choices, including potential drainage requirements and the risk of erosion or instability.

While assessing environmental impact, designing structural components, and determining material costs are important aspects of civil engineering, they are not the primary goals of a geotechnical investigation. The main focus remains on the geological and hydrological factors that directly affect construction.