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The use of a survey rod with a prism in conjunction with a Total Station is essential for measuring distances accurately. A Total Station is an advanced surveying instrument that combines the functions of an electronic theodolite for measuring angles and an electronic distance measurement (EDM) device to measure distances.

When conducting a survey, the survey rod equipped with a prism is placed at the point whose distance from the Total Station is to be measured. The Total Station emits a signal that reflects off the prism and returns to the instrument. By calculating the time it takes for the signal to return, the Total Station computes the distance to the prism. This dual functionality allows for precise measurement of both horizontal and vertical angles as well as distances, which is crucial for various surveying tasks.

Other options like a survey map, measurement string, or height gauge do not integrate directly with the Total Station for the purpose of distance measurement. A survey map is primarily for reference but does not directly aid in measuring distances. A measurement string can be used for rough measurements but lacks the accuracy provided by a Total Station with a prism. A height gauge is typically used for measuring elevation or heights rather than for distance measurement in surveying.